For thermocouples it is in extruder.cpp line 2555
case 60: // AD8495 (Delivers 5mV/degC vs the AD595's 10mV)
#if CPU_ARCH == ARCH_AVR
currentTemperatureC = ((float)currentTemperature * 1000.0f / (1024 << (2 - ANALOG_REDUCE_BITS)));
#else
currentTemperatureC = ((float)currentTemperature * 660.0f / (1024 << (2 - ANALOG_REDUCE_BITS)));
#endif
break;
case 61: // AD8495 1.25V Vref offset (like Adafruit 8495 breakout board)
#if CPU_ARCH == ARCH_AVR
currentTemperatureC = ((float)currentTemperature * 1000.0f / (1024 << (2 - ANALOG_REDUCE_BITS))) - 250.0f;
#else
currentTemperatureC = ((float)currentTemperature * 660.0f / (1024 << (2 - ANALOG_REDUCE_BITS))) - 250.0f;
#endif
break;
You see here is no correction. It is just conversion of voltage to a linear equation from the sensor type.
But that would be the place where you can modify currentTemperatureC with some equation after computation. Then the corrected temperature would be used instead.