Thanks for the help! After many hours of compiling, I now have a CuraEngine built for the Raspberry Pi. I copied it to the plugins/CuraEngine folder (and removed all other files). I tried slicing from Repetier and now I get the following message:
20:59:31.048 : CuraEngine command:/home/pi/RepetierHost/plugins/CuraEngine/CuraEngine -p -v -c "/home/pi/.local/share/RepetierHost/cura.ini" -s posx=0 -s posy=0 -o "/home/pi/.local/share/RepetierHost/composition.gcode" "/home/pi/.local/share/RepetierHost/composition0.stl"
20:59:31.064 : Preferred name from fence-standoff3 to fence-standoff3
20:59:31.119 : <CuraEngine> Cura_SteamEngine version master
20:59:31.120 : <CuraEngine> Copyright (C) 2020 Ultimaker
20:59:31.120 : <CuraEngine> This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
20:59:31.120 : <CuraEngine> it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
20:59:31.121 : <CuraEngine> the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
20:59:31.121 : <CuraEngine> (at your option) any later version.
20:59:31.121 : <CuraEngine> This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
20:59:31.122 : <CuraEngine> but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20:59:31.122 : <CuraEngine> MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
20:59:31.123 : <CuraEngine> GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
20:59:31.123 : <CuraEngine> You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
20:59:31.124 : <CuraEngine> along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.</div><div>20:59:31.127 : <CuraEngine> [ERROR] Unknown command: -p
20:59:31.128 : <CuraEngine> [ERROR] Command called:
20:59:31.128 : <CuraEngine> [ERROR] /home/pi/RepetierHost/plugins/CuraEngine/CuraEngine [ERROR] -p [ERROR] -v [ERROR] -c [ERROR] /home/pi/.local/share/RepetierHost/cura.ini [ERROR] -s [ERROR] posx=0 [ERROR] -s [ERROR] posy=0 [ERROR] -o [ERROR] /home/pi/.local/share/RepetierHost/composition.gcode [ERROR] /home/pi/.local/share/RepetierHost/composition0.stl [ERROR]
20:59:31.128 : <CuraEngine> usage:
20:59:31.129 : <CuraEngine> CuraEngine help
20:59:31.129 : <CuraEngine> Show this help message
20:59:31.129 : <CuraEngine> CuraEngine connect <host>[:<port>] [-j <settings.def.json>]
20:59:31.130 : <CuraEngine> --connect <host>[:<port>]
20:59:31.130 : <CuraEngine> Connect to <host> via a command socket,
20:59:31.130 : <CuraEngine> instead of passing information via the command line
20:59:31.130 : <CuraEngine> -v
20:59:31.131 : <CuraEngine> Increase the verbose level (show log messages).
20:59:31.131 : <CuraEngine> -m<thread_count>
20:59:31.131 : <CuraEngine> Set the desired number of threads. Supports only a single digit.
20:59:31.131 : <CuraEngine> CuraEngine slice [-v] [-p] [-j <settings.json>] [-s <settingkey>=<value>] [-g] [-e<extruder_nr>] [-o <output.gcode>] [-l <model.stl>] [--next]
20:59:31.132 : <CuraEngine> -v
20:59:31.132 : <CuraEngine> Increase the verbose level (show log messages).
20:59:31.134 : <CuraEngine> -m<thread_count>
20:59:31.134 : <CuraEngine> Set the desired number of threads.
20:59:31.135 : <CuraEngine> -p
20:59:31.135 : <CuraEngine> Log progress information.
20:59:31.135 : <CuraEngine> -j
20:59:31.136 : <CuraEngine> Load settings.def.json file to register all settings and their defaults.
20:59:31.137 : <CuraEngine> -s <setting>=<value>
20:59:31.137 : <CuraEngine> Set a setting to a value for the last supplied object,
20:59:31.137 : <CuraEngine> extruder train, or general settings.
20:59:31.138 : <CuraEngine> -l <model_file>
20:59:31.138 : <CuraEngine> Load an STL model.
20:59:31.138 : <CuraEngine> -g
20:59:31.138 : <CuraEngine> Switch setting focus to the current mesh group only.
20:59:31.139 : <CuraEngine> Used for one-at-a-time printing.
20:59:31.139 : <CuraEngine> -e<extruder_nr>
20:59:31.139 : <CuraEngine> Switch setting focus to the extruder train with the given number.
20:59:31.139 : <CuraEngine> --next
20:59:31.140 : <CuraEngine> Generate gcode for the previously supplied mesh group and append that to
20:59:31.140 : <CuraEngine> the gcode of further models for one-at-a-time printing.
20:59:31.140 : <CuraEngine> -o <output_file>
20:59:31.141 : <CuraEngine> Specify a file to which to write the generated gcode.
20:59:31.141 : <CuraEngine> The settings are appended to the last supplied object:
20:59:31.141 : <CuraEngine> CuraEngine slice [general settings]
20:59:31.141 : <CuraEngine> -g [current group settings]
20:59:31.142 : <CuraEngine> -e0 [extruder train 0 settings]
20:59:31.142 : <CuraEngine> -l obj_inheriting_from_last_extruder_train.stl [object settings]
20:59:31.142 : <CuraEngine> --next [next group settings]
20:59:31.143 : <CuraEngine> ... etc.
20:59:31.144 : <CuraEngine> In order to load machine definitions from custom locations, you need to create the environment variable CURA_ENGINE_SEARCH_PATH, which should contain all search paths delimited by a (semi-)colon.
Obviously something is still not configured properly. Any suggestions would be most welcome!