Ok, so I got it to finally work right. It was a combination of getting the right absolute E positional settings and increasing the difference in E between print lines.
Here's how to get this working with PrusaSlicer:
In the "Printers" option, go to General -> Advanced -> then make sure "Use relative E distances" is unchecked
While still in "Printers", go to Custom G-code -> Start G-code -> add "M452 ; enable laser mode"
Now, go to the "Filaments" option and set your filament diameter to something really low, 0.2 mm worked for me.
This makes the differences between E values high enough for Repetier-Firmware to consider it "increasing"
Then lastly, go to "Print Settings" and set your extrusion widths to your laser spot size. Set your overlap value by tinkering a bit.
This should get the E override laser mode option to work by using G-code from PrusaSlicer.
Note: This was done in PrusaSlicer version 2.8.0