I just tested on ubuntu 22.04 and it sliced my gcode right away to the default workspace.
It is important that the host is started from the same user as the work directory is owned by.
I used the build in PrusaSLicer with default settings.
If you disable easy mode you also see the communication with PrusaSlicer in the log at bottom in case you need to make it wider. I get some mount/permission errors from slicer but nothing stopping it:
08:23:55.942 : PrusaSlicer command:/tmp/.mount_RepetiFOKHsL/Slic3rPE/slic3r-console.exe --load "slic3r_settings.ini" --dont-arrange --export-gcode --output "composition.gcode" "composition.amf"
08:23:55.992 : Preferred name from tablet to tablet
08:23:56.413 : <PrusaSlicer> [2023-04-11 08:23:56.400504] [0x00007fc6b7746900] [trace] Initializing StaticPrintConfigs
08:24:03.111 : <PrusaSlicer> 10 => Processing triangulated mesh
08:24:03.119 : <PrusaSlicer> 20 => Generating perimeters
08:24:03.126 : <PrusaSlicer> 70 => Infilling layers
08:24:03.128 : <PrusaSlicer> 30 => Preparing infill
08:24:03.129 : <PrusaSlicer> 88 => Generating skirt and brim
08:24:03.130 : <PrusaSlicer> 90 => Exporting G-code to composition.gcode
08:24:03.134 : <PrusaSlicer> Slicing result exported to composition.gcode
08:27:06.568 : PrusaSlicer command:/tmp/.mount_RepetiFOKHsL/Slic3rPE/slic3r-console.exe --datadir "/home/parallels/.Slic3rPE"
08:27:06.762 : <PrusaSlicer> [2023-04-11 08:27:06.762179] [0x00007fe5ccf0b900] [trace] Initializing StaticPrintConfigs
08:27:06.930 : <PrusaSlicer> Gtk-Message: 08:27:06.930: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
08:27:07.750 : <PrusaSlicer> libGL error: pci id for fd 14: 1ab8:0010, driver (null)
08:27:07.905 : <PrusaSlicer> pci id for fd 15: 1ab8:0010, driver (null)
08:31:49.451 : <PrusaSlicer> update.go:85: cannot change mount namespace according to change mount (/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/share/gimp/2.0/help /usr/share/gimp/2.0/help none bind,ro 0 0): cannot open directory "/var/lib": permission denied
08:31:49.463 : <PrusaSlicer> update.go:85: cannot change mount namespace according to change mount (/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/share/xubuntu-docs /usr/share/xubuntu-docs none bind,ro 0 0): cannot open directory "/var/lib": permission denied
08:31:50.779 : <PrusaSlicer> Gtk-Message: 08:31:50.779: Not loading module "atk-bridge": The functionality is provided by GTK natively. Please try to not load it.
08:31:52.643 : <PrusaSlicer> [GFX1-]: glxtest: VA-API test failed: failed to initialise VAAPI connection.
08:31:52.901 : <PrusaSlicer> ATTENTION: default value of option mesa_glthread overridden by environment.
08:33:12.295 : <PrusaSlicer> ALSA lib conf.c:4120:(snd_config_update_r) Cannot access file /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf
08:33:12.310 : <PrusaSlicer> ALSA lib seq.c:935:(snd_seq_open_noupdate) Unknown SEQ default
So at the moment I have no real idea what you do different causing it. All is stored in ~/.local/share/RepetierHost and that is owned by my user as it it a subfolder and all higher folders are also owned by it.
How does you failing log look like? Maybe it gives a hint to my you overlooked.